Black Willow (Salix nigra)

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Plant Details

Category: Nursery
Light: Sun to Part Shade
Bloom Season: Spring
Height: 30-80' / 
9-25m
Space: 15-20' / 
4.5-6m
Zones: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Lowest Temp: -30° to -20°F / 
-34° to -29°C
Colors: Grown for foliage

Basic Care

Tolerates occasional flooding. Prune in late winter if needed. Water freely in dry weather.

Water

Keep well-watered.

Soil

Tolerates a range of soil including clay and sand.

Feed

Slow release feed in spring.

Black Willow detailed care guide →
attracts pollinators

Attracts Pollinators

attracts birds

Attracts Birds

attracts butterflies

Attracts Butterflies

deer resistant

Deer Resistant

Fast Growth

Native Plant

water loving plants

Water Loving

Features

Black willow is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to large regions of the eastern and southern United States where it can be found growing in sunny, wet habitats such as swamps, drainage ditches, and flood plains. It is a dioecious species, meaning that male and female flowers appear on separate trees. The flowers are borne in catkins that appear in early spring at the same time that the leaves emerge. Trees can potentially develop multiple trunks.

While this is a valuable tree for wildlife, black willow is not well suited for growing in home landscapes. It can create a lot of leaf and flower litter, the shallow roots can intrude on underground drains and pipes, and the weak wood can result in branches breaking from the force of high winds, ice, or heavy snow.

Uses

Not recommended as a residential tree. A good choice for naturalizing along a stream, pond, or riverbank.

Black Willow (Salix nigra) Care Guide

Plant in spring or early fall to give plants the best start.

Choose a location that will allow roots to spread and branches to grow freely. Space plants far enough from building foundations, walls, and decks so that the growing foliage won’t crowd the structure. Consider whether tall trees or shrubs will block windows or interfere with the roof or power lines.

To prepare the planting area dig a hole as deep as the root ball and three times as wide. After removing the soil, mix it with some compost or peat moss. This enriches the soil and loosens the existing dirt so that new roots can spread easily.

To remove the plant from the container, gently brace the base of the plant, tip it sideways and tap the outside of the pot to loosen. Rotate the container and continue to tap, loosening the soil until the plant pulls smoothly from the pot. The container can also be removed by carefully cutting it down the side.

Set the plant in the hole. If the root ball is wrapped in burlap fabric this must now be removed along with any string or wire securing the burlap. If roots are tightly packed gently rake them apart with your fingers.

Return the soil to the planting area packing it firmly around the root ball. Fill the hole until the soil line is just at the base of the plant, where the roots begin to flare out from the main stem.

Water the plant well then add a 2” (5cm) layer of mulch, such as shredded bark, around the planting area. Keep the mulch at least 4” (10cm) away from the trunk of the plant as this can keep the bark too moist and cause it to decay.

Depending on rainfall, new plants need to be watered weekly through the first growing season. A slow, one-hour trickle of water should do the job. During hot spells thoroughly soaking the ground up to 8” (20 cm) every few days is better than watering a little bit daily. Deep watering encourages roots to grow further into the ground resulting in a sturdier plant with more drought tolerance.

To check for soil moisture use your finger or a hand trowel to dig a small hole and examine the soil. If the first 2-4” (5-10cm) of soil is dry, it is time to water.

Monitor new plants through the first two years to make sure they are getting the moisture they need. After that they should be sturdy enough to survive on their own.

Pruning may be needed to remove dead branches, encourage bushier growth, promote more flowers, or maintain a specific size or shape.

Dead branches should be removed close to the trunk, flush with the bark. When pruning to control a plant’s size or shape, cuts should be made just above a leaf bud and at a slight angle. This bud will be where the new growth sprouts.

Many shrubs can be regularly sheared to keep them shaped as a hedge, edging or formal foundation planting.

Always use sharp, clean tools when pruning. There are many tools available depending on the job. Hand shears, pruners, and loppers are ideal for most shrubs. Pole pruners and tree saws are better for large, mature shrubs or trees. If a tree is so large that it can’t be safely pruned with a pole pruner, it is best to call in a professional tree service.

Established trees should be fertilized every 2-3 years. Feed in early spring when plants start growing.

Fertilizers are available in many forms: granulated, slow-release, liquid feeds, organic or synthetic. Determine which application method is best for the situation and select a product designed for trees and shrubs, or go with a nutritionally balanced, general-purpose formula such as 10-10-10.

Always follow the fertilizer package directions for application rates and scheduling. Over-fertilizing plants or applying at the wrong time during the growing season can result in plant injury.

Black Willow Companion/Combination Plants

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